Understanding schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a serious mental health concern that interferes with a person’s ability to think clearly, manage emotions, make decisions and relate to others. It is a complex, long-term medical illness affecting about 1% of Americans. Although schizophrenia can occur at any age, the average age of onset tends to be in the late teens to the early 20s for men and the late 20s to early 30s for women. It is uncommon for schizophrenia to be diagnosed in a person younger than 12 or older than 40. It is possible to live well with schizophrenia.
Symptoms
The first sign can include a change of friends, a drop in grades, sleep problems and irritability. Other factors include isolating oneself and withdrawing from others, an increase in unusual thoughts and suspicions and a family history of psychosis. In young people who develop schizophrenia, this stage of the disorder is called the “prodromal” period.
With any condition, getting a comprehensive medical evaluation is essential so you can obtain the best diagnosis and receive the help you need. For a schizophrenia diagnosis, some of the following symptoms are present for at least six months:
Hallucinations: These include a person hearing voices, seeing things or smelling things others can’t perceive
Delusions: These are false beliefs that don’t change even when the person who holds them is presented with new ideas or facts
Negative symptoms: These diminish a person’s abilities, such as being emotionally flat, unable to follow through with activities or showing little interest in life or sustaining relationships
Cognitive issues/disorganized thinking: This includes struggling to remember things, organize thoughts or complete tasks
Causes
Researchers suggest that schizophrenia may have several possible causes, including genetics, environment, brain chemistry and substance use.
Treatment
There is no cure for schizophrenia, but it can be treated and managed in several ways:
Antipsychotic medications
Psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, assertive community treatment and supportive therapy
Self-management strategies and education
Source: National Alliance on Mental Illness
